Why Indoor Air Quality Should Be Your Next Design Priority
- Zoe Allen
- Apr 6
- 19 min read
Updated: Apr 6
The Importance of Air Quality in Your Home
Emerging research is only just beginning to highlight how significantly indoor air quality impacts our health and well-being. In response, countries around the world are starting to recognise the need for improved standards and are introducing regulations aimed at making our homes healthier.
From carbon dioxide (CO₂) build-up that affects cognitive function, to hidden volatile organic compounds (VOCs) found in furniture, finishes, and paint—many invisible factors contribute to indoor air pollution. While policy change around the world is underway, there are already effective steps we can take to protect ourselves and our families.
At Zoe Victoria Design, I’m deeply committed to raising awareness around the powerful connection between our built environments and our health. My mission is to ensure that everyone—from fellow designers to homeowners and clients—has access to the knowledge and tools needed to make informed, wellness-led decisions.
I actively embed the highest standards of indoor environmental quality into all of my interior design services, striving to make every space not only refined and functional, but also truly supportive of long-term well-being.
I also believe in taking action where it truly matters—focusing on practical, science-backed solutions rather than unnecessary gadgets. That’s why I have started conduct a Environmental Wellbeing Audit on all my projects which includes air quality testing, ensuring the right steps are taken to create a healthy living environment without overspending on fixes to problems that are relevant to each clients unique space.
In this 11 Part guide, I’ll uncover the hidden ways indoor air can become polluted, reveal the key warning signs to watch for, and share practical, effective strategies—not only to help those building or renovating get it right from the start, but also to improve the air quality in existing homes right now.
PART 1 - CO₂ Levels: Impacting your Cognitive Function & Your Sleep
PART 2 - Carbon Monoxide (CO) : The Silent Threat
PART 3 - Gas Stoves: Why They’re Suddenly Controversial
PART 4 - VOCs: The Hidden Chemicals in Your Home
PART 5 - Moisture & Mould: The Silent Destroyers
PART 6 - Airborne Allergens & Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
PART 7 - Houseplants: Do They Really Clean the Air?
PART 8 - Air Purifiers: A Key Option for Improving Air Quality
PART 9 – Best Practice Ventilation: Targets That Truly Improve Air Quality
PART 10 - How do different HVAC systems perform
PART 11 - Air Quality Solutions Cheat Sheet
Special Mentions
Addressing Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) in Your Home
Organizations Who's Leading the Charge in Indoor Air Quality
By understanding these air quality factors and making informed choices & get it right from the beginning when renovating or building a new home. You can create a home that not only looks beautiful but also supports your health and well-being.
But also many of the strategies I outline here are easy to action ! you don’t need to wait for a full renovation to address these issues.
PART 1 - CO₂ Levels: Impacting your Cognitive Function & Your Sleep
CO₂ builds up in poorly ventilated spaces, and it effects us more than we previously knew. Research has found that high CO₂ levels can cause cognitive decline, reduced problem-solving skills, and poor decision-making (Allen et al. 759).
Journalist James Nestor has written extensively on the subject of breathing and air quality. His book, Breath: The New Science of a Lost Art, delves into the science and history of breathing.
A well-known 2015 Harvard study showed that CO₂ levels above 945 ppm impair cognitive function, and at 1,400 ppm, decision-making abilities drop by 50% (Allen et al. 762). Another study found that high levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) combined with increased indoor CO₂ led to significantly slower response times in cognitive tests (MacNaughton et al. 8).
Effects of High CO₂ Levels
CO₂ Level (ppm) | Effects |
400–600 ppm | Fresh outdoor air |
600–1,000 ppm | Acceptable indoor levels |
1,000–1,500 ppm | Reduced concentration, drowsiness |
1,500–2,500 ppm | Headaches, fatigue, poor cognitive function |
2,500+ ppm | Dizziness, confusion, severe cognitive decline |
How Fast Does CO₂ Build Up?
CO₂ accumulates rapidly in enclosed spaces. Real-world scenarios include:
Scenario | Time to Exceed 1,000 ppm (Poor Air Quality) |
Small bedroom, door closed, 1 person sleeping | 1–2 hours |
Small meeting room (4–6 people) | 30 minutes |
Family living room (4–5 people, evening TV time) | 1–2 hours |
Car with closed windows (2+ people) | 15 minutes |
PART 2 - Carbon Monoxide (CO) – The Silent Threat
A Cautionary Tale With A personal Example
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that can be deadly if inhaled in large quantities. It is produced by the incomplete combustion of fuels like gas, oil, wood, or coal. Because it’s undetectable by our senses, it’s often called the “silent killer.”
CO can accumulate in indoor environments when appliances or systems that burn fuel—such as gas heaters, stoves, fireplaces, or water heaters are faulty.
A friend of mine endured a year of unexplained illness—persistent colds, exhaustion, and feeling constantly unwell. The cause? Her gas heater was faulty, silently releasing dangerous levels of carbon monoxide (CO) into her living room poisoning her consistently for an entire year. The poisoning was severe, and the recovery process was long and difficult.
Gas appliances should be tested and serviced annually. Don’t wait for symptoms—CO and CO₂ monitors are inexpensive, can be picked up on Amazon and could save your life.
How to Protect Yourself From CO₂ Build-up
✔️ Monitor CO₂ Levels – Affordable CO₂ sensors can alert you to poor air quality.
✔️ Improve Ventilation – Open windows or use trickle vents in small rooms.
✔️ Mechanical Ventilation – Install fresh air systems, especially for bedrooms that meet the minimum flow rates.
✔️ Limit Time in Enclosed Spaces – Be mindful of air quality in cars, meeting rooms, and small homes.
PART 3 - Gas Stoves: Why They’re Suddenly Controversial
Gas stoves have sparked debate in recent years, and with good reason. Countries like the U.S. and Australia are revising regulations, and some regions are already phasing out gas in new residential developments. This forbes article discusses the pro's & con's of gas v's induction.
A recent article in the Guardian a looks at the statistics & health impacts driving many legislations changes in Europe This research article in science advances outlines the health impact that Nitrogen dioxide exposure from gas stoves.
But to outline the risks very simply:
Pollution While Cooking – emits nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and benzene, all linked to respiratory and neurological issues.
Leaks Even When Off – Studies have found gas stoves leak methane and VOCs even when not in use
Health Risk for Kids – Children in homes with gas stoves have a 42% higher risk of asthma symptoms
If you choose to use a gas stove here are the steps you can take and specifications to follow to reduce the risk:
✔️ Regular Maintenance - Have your gas stove and ventilation system professionally serviced annually.
Rangehood Specifications |
✔️ A minimum airflow capacity of 170 m³/h per 30 cm of stove width. (For example, a 90 cm stove would require at least 510 m³/h). |
✔️ Is Ducted (not recirculated) as it expels cooking fumes directly outside, |
✔️The ducting length to outside is equal to or less than 3m (each right angle bend in a duct is = to 1m) |
✔️Installed at a height of 60-75 cm above the stove. |
✔️Is wider than the stove, if you have a 900mm wide stove, use a 1200mm wide rangehood. |
✔️Is certified for a capture efficiency – 80% |
Stove Specifications |
✔️ Has sealed burners to reduce spills and blockages that can interfere with combustion. |
✔️Has an electronic ignition (vs. Pilot Light) to prevent constant low-level gas leakage from a pilot light. |
✔️ Low-NOx Burners designed to minimize nitrogen oxide emissions |
✔️ Has a 'smart gas sensors' / 'auto shut-off' with built-in gas leak detectors and automatic shut-off valves. |
✔️ Comply with the following certifications:
|
An independent air quality monitor will give you piece of mind in knowing exactly what's in the air around in you in real time. This is also a great option if you don't have the ability to select or change the appliances themselves, you can purchase an independent air quality monitor.
Air Quality Monitor Specifications |
✔️ Real-time monitoring with alerts or smart-home integration (e.g., via Wi-Fi or Bluetooth) |
✔️ Detection limits:
|
✔️ Accuracy & Calibration:
|
✔️ Display:
|
✔️Certifications:
|
PART 4 - VOCs: The Hidden Chemicals in Your Home
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are gases emitted through a process called 'off-gassing' from common household building materials, cleaning products, and beauty products. These chemicals can have a significant impact on air quality, when inhaled in significant doses or over extended periods.
For building materials, VOCs are often found in: Paints and finishes, furniture and MDF cabinetry, carpets and flooring adhesives These materials typically emit the highest levels of VOCs within the first few days or weeks. However, off-gassing can continue at a lower level for months or up to five years in some cases making it a potential concern for your health, especially in spaces with poor ventilation.
What Harm Can VOC's cause?
Prolonged exposure to VOCs is concerning, particularly in poorly ventilated spaces. According to studies, long-term exposure to VOCs like formaldehyde, benzene, and toluene can contribute to respiratory problems, and chronic illnesses.
The 'Environmental Health Perspectives' study (Mølhave, Lars, et al.) highlights that VOCs can have significant adverse effects, such as symptoms of SBS (Sick Building Syndrome), including headaches, eye irritation, fatigue, and respiratory discomfort. They can exacerbate health issues, particularly for sensitive individuals with known asthma or respiratory conditions.
Aren't We Protected from VOC's by Government Regulations ?
In Australia, our building regulations are among the strictest in the world, but they are largely aimed at protecting workers from immediate and severe injuries associated with materials used in construction rather than addressing the potential for long-term, low-level exposure to harmful chemicals. People with known respiratory issues should pay close attention to this.
If you live in an older home or are considering renovations, it’s essential to be aware of the risks. You may be working with building materials used prior to regulation controls, have a higher VOC content & renovation work could disturb VOC-emitting materials, temporarily increasing exposure to these harmful gases.
Its also important to remember that exposure to VOCs can be cumulative. Because they can be present in building materials, everyday household cleaning products and beauty items, the accumulative effect can lead to a high overall burden on our health.
What can we do to reduce VOC exposure?
Test for VOCs: Consider testing for VOCs in your indoor air.
Use Low-VOC Materials: During renovations or if purchasing new furniture, opt for low-VOC or zero-VOC materials to minimize exposure.
Increase Ventilation: Proper ventilation can help reduce the concentration of VOCs in your home. Make sure to keep windows open when possible, especially during renovation or after installing new materials.
Consider Air Purifiers: Using air purifiers with activated carbon filters can help reduce VOCs in your home, particularly in small or poorly ventilated spaces.
By being mindful of VOCs in your home, you can take steps to reduce your exposure to these harmful chemicals and create a healthier environment for you and your family.
Performance Specifications for Low-VOC Building Materials
(Beyond ANZS minimums)
Material | Specifications | Certifications |
Paints & Coatings: | VOC content should be <50 g/L (ideally <5 g/L for zero-VOC paints | Green Seal GS-11 GECA (Good Environmental Choice Australia) GREENGUARD Gold |
Adhesives : | VOC levels <50 g/L | SCAQMD Rule 1168 Green Star VOC Limits Tested under ISO 16000 series for emissions |
Sealants: | VOC levels <25 g/L Acrylic-based or water-based systems wherever possible | SCAQMD Rule 1168 Green Star VOC Limits Tested under ISO 16000 series for emissions |
Flooring Materials (Timber, Vinyl, Laminate, Carpet) | Must emit <0.5 mg/m²/h of VOCs (ideally lower). | GreenTag Certification FloorScore® Certification GREENGUARD Gold or Blue Angel labe |
Insulation Materials: | Plant-based or natural fibres Low-emitting mineral wool or cellulose products GREENGUARD Gold or Declare label for transparency | VOC emissions should meet CDPH Standard Method v1.2 (California Department of Public Health) |
PART 5 - Moisture & Mould: The Silent Destroyers
We all know how serious mould can be in the home, but it’s still an essential part of any conversation about indoor air quality. When there’s too much moisture in the air, mould thrives — and it’s more than just an unsightly nuisance. It can trigger asthma, worsen allergies, and lead to ongoing respiratory issues, especially in children and those with sensitivities.
✔️ Use exhaust fans in kitchens and bathrooms should be specified to meet a contiguous air flow rate of ≥ 34 m3/h [20CFM]
✔️ Check for plumbing leaks and rising damp
✔️ Open windows to ventilate
✔️ Consider dehumidifiers in high-moisture rooms that can maintain 30%-50% humidity
✔️ Equip exhausts with dampers that automatically close
PART 6 - Airborne Allergens & Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
Where it Comes From and What You Can Do
Allergens: Dust mites, pet dander, and pollen are major contributors to poor indoor air quality and can severely impact individuals suffering from allergies. In Melbourne, where seasonal pollen can be a concern, managing allergens indoors is especially important. Fortunately, various solutions exist to address allergens in the air, but they typically require an investment in installing and maintaining an effective
HVAC system.
Particulate Matter (PM2.5): PM2.5 refers to tiny particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers that can be inhaled deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream. Because these particles are so fine, they can aggravate existing respiratory conditions like asthma, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema. Long-term exposure to PM2.5 has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease and stroke. Continuous exposure to high levels of PM2.5 is also associated with cancer and other serious health conditions, particularly in individuals with pre-existing conditions or compromised immune systems (World Health Organization, 2018).
Where Does Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Come From in the Home?
Cooking with Gas Stoves: Combustion of natural gas releases fine particles into the air, particularly in poorly ventilated spaces.
Indoor Smoking: Cigarette and cigar smoke are significant sources of PM2.5, which can linger indoors long after the smoke has dissipated.
Burning Candles or Incense: These items release fine particulate matter when burned, especially in spaces with insufficient ventilation.
Wood-Burning Stoves or Fireplaces: Burning wood indoors generates considerable particulate pollution.
Outdoor Air Pollution: PM2.5 from traffic, industrial activities, or wildfires can enter the home through windows, ventilation systems, or gaps in building structures.
Dust and Pet Dander: Everyday activities like cleaning, moving furniture, or pet movement can stir up fine particles, contributing to indoor air pollution.
PM2.5 and Allergens: These substances become a concern when they accumulate in poorly ventilated spaces, especially during high-pollution days or in homes with frequent indoor pollutant sources.
To Reduce Allergens and PM2.5 Levels, Consider the Following Strategies:
✔️ Change Filters Regularly: Ensure HVAC filters are changed regularly (every 1-3 months) and use high-efficiency filters, such as HEPA (High-Efficiency Particulate Air) filters, to capture pollen, dust, and other allergens effectively.
✔️ Use a Whole-House Air Purifier: Some HVAC systems can be fitted with whole-house air purifiers that work in tandem with the system to remove allergens and particles from circulating air.
✔️ Control Humidity: High humidity can promote mold growth and dust mite proliferation. Use a humidifier or dehumidifier to maintain optimal indoor humidity levels (30-50%).
✔️ Regular Duct Cleaning: Dust, pollen, and mold can accumulate in HVAC ducts over time. Professional cleaning reduces the circulation of these particles and improves air quality.
✔️ Install UV Lights for Air Purification: UV-C lights inside the HVAC system can help kill mold, bacteria, and viruses, further reducing allergens in the air.
✔️ Ensure Proper Ventilation: Make sure your HVAC system provides adequate ventilation to prevent the buildup of pollutants.
✔️ Use Air Purifiers in Bedrooms: Seasonal allergies often worsen at night, so using an air purifier with a HEPA filter in the bedroom can help ensure clean, filtered air during sleep.
✔️ Avoid Recirculating Air During High-Allergen Seasons: During allergy season, avoid using the "recirculation" mode of your HVAC system. Opt for fresh air intake, which helps filter pollen before it enters your home.
✔️ Avoid Smoking Indoors: Eliminate tobacco products from indoor areas
PART 7 - Houseplants: Do They Really Clean the Air?
The 1989 NASA Clean Air Study found that certain plants could remove VOCs from sealed chambers (Wolverton et al.). Some plants, like the peace lily and snake plant, even demonstrated the potential to support one person’s oxygen needs in closed conditions.
However, ! Many subsequent study's have been done and a 2019 meta-analysis shows that in real-life homes, where cross ventilation and airflow constantly move air in and out, plants alone have not been shown to have a significant impact. (Cummings BE et al)
The American Lung Association — outline here that the NASA study was conducted under strict laboratory conditions typically in small, airtight chamber and injecting a singular VOC into the air. The purpose of this study was to understand the impact plants could have inside air tight space stations, not in our homes. Their position is "It’s best not to rely on your Pothos or Monstera to clean your indoor air. A better bet is to use proven methods to reduce indoor air pollution" which is : Source Control, Ventilation & Air Cleaning Purifiers
My take? While plants aren’t a silver bullet, they could be helpful in small, poorly ventilated spaces. If you're including plants in your home for the purpose of oxygen supply its important to know that most plants do not release oxygen at night due the photosynthesis process, and even plants like snake plants and peace lilies that can perform a modified form of photosynthesis do so at a reduced capacity.
I DO still promote the introduction of as much greenery into the home though. Not only do look beautiful but evidence does show a profound impact on mental well-being.
PART 8 - Air Purifiers: A Key Option for Improving Air Quality
Air purifiers are an effective option for improving indoor air quality by addressing many air quality problems in our homes such as removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and controlling humidity & removing allergens, which can have a direct impact on the comfort and health of your home environment.
What to Look for in a High-Quality Air Purifier
When selecting an air purifier for your home, it’s important to focus on certain specifications to ensure it performs optimally:
VOC Filtration: Choose air purifiers equipped with activated carbon filters to effectively capture and neutralize VOCs. High-quality purifiers should feature a carbon filter with a large surface area for greater adsorption capacity.
HEPA Filtration for Particles: For general particle filtration, look for air purifiers that utilize True HEPA filters. These filters can capture particles as small as 0.3 microns, including allergens, dust, and pet dander, which contribute to poor air quality.
Humidity Control: Some air purifiers are integrated with dehumidification capabilities, helping to prevent mold and mildew growth. Look for purifiers that can maintain indoor humidity between 30-50%.
Airflow Capacity: Ensure the air purifier is sized appropriately for your space. The CADR (Clean Air Delivery Rate) should match the room’s size, and the system should be able to exchange the air multiple times per hour to maintain high air quality.
By choosing an air purifier with these key features, you can effectively enhance the air quality in your home, reducing the impact of VOCs, maintaining a balanced humidity level, and promoting a healthier living environment.
PART 9 - Best Practice Ventilation:
Targets That Truly Improve Air Quality
So, how can we address all of these air quality issues? By installing HVAC systems that meet the targets (as outlined in the ASHRAE Standard 62.2, Australian Standard AS 1668.2 & WELL for residential) listed below you can help ensure that your ventilation system provides clean, high-quality air, addressing the key factors for optimal indoor air quality and effective operation.
HVAC systems should be designed/specified to the following standards:
✔️ Ventilation rates meet +/- 25.5 m3/h [15 CFM] or +/- 15% of the supply rates
✔️ Air Filtration Systems have media filters with an average removal efficiency of greater than or equal to 50% for particles 0.3-1 μm in size (MERV 13 or F8) are used to filter
the outdoor air supply
✔️ Activated carbon filter installed to remove VOC's
✔️ 254 nm ultraviolet lamps designed to treat moving air.
✔️ A mechanical ventilation out door air supply vent included in all regularly occupied rooms
✔️Fresh air supply intake located at least 3 m away from exhaust vents, loading zones and combustion sources
✔️ Exhausts should be equipped with dampers that automatically close when the system is off.
Optimal Specification:
A demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) system designed with sensors to automatically adjust the outdoor air supply rate & maintain indoor carbon dioxide (CO2) levels below 1000 ppm.
PART 10 – How Do Different HVAC Systems Perform?
There are many options available when installing a new HVAC system, but for optimal air quality at home, it’s important to select a system that offers both efficient ventilation and effective filtration. Systems such as Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery (MVHR) or Energy Recovery Ventilation (ERV) are strong performers. They provide a constant supply of fresh air while helping to regulate indoor temperature and manage energy use.
Here is a summary of the options, how they perform & what scenarios they are suited to.
Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery (MVHR): Provides continuous fresh air while recovering heat from outgoing stale air, making it ideal for cold climates where energy efficiency and temperature control are priorities.
Energy Recovery Ventilation (ERV): Delivers continuous fresh air while transferring both heat and humidity, making it perfect for humid or mixed climates, as it helps manage both temperature and moisture levels.
Ducted Air Conditioning Systems: Provides cooling and heating with the option for integrated ventilation, typically using standard filters. Best for homes requiring comprehensive temperature control but less focused on air quality alone.
Split Systems: Focuses on cooling or heating specific rooms with no fresh air supply, making it ideal for smaller spaces or individual room comfort but not suited for whole-home ventilation needs.
Ducted Reverse Cycle Systems: Offers both heating and cooling with integrated ventilation, typically providing a balanced air supply and exhaust system. Suitable for larger spaces that need efficient temperature control and fresh air ventilation.
Heat Recovery Ventilation (HRV): Continuously supplies fresh air while recovering heat from outgoing air, making it ideal for cold climates where retaining indoor warmth is essential. It doesn’t transfer humidity, so it's best for dry environments.
The table below helps identify which HVAC systems meet the best practice standards for ventilation, filtration, and demand-controlled functions.
HVAC Option | Ventilation Fresh Air Supply Rate +/- 25.5 m3/h [15 CFM] | Air Filtration (MERV 13/F8) | Activated Carbon Filter | UV Lamps (254 nm) | Exhaust Dampers | Additional sensors for On Demand Controls | Cost Comparison |
Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery (MVHR) | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | $$$ |
Energy Recovery Ventilation (ERV) | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | $$$ |
Ducted Air Conditioning Systems | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | $$ |
Split Systems | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | $ |
Ducted Reverse Cycle Systems | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | $$ |
Heat Recovery Ventilation (HRV) | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | $$$ |
Key
✅ Typically Complies
🟡 Option / Upgrade Needed to Comply
❌ Does Not Comply
$: Low (budget-friendly)
$$: Medium (mid-range pricing)
$$$: High (premium, advanced systems)
PART 11 - Air Quality Solutions Cheat Sheet
Many of the strategies we’ve covered address more than just one aspect of indoor air quality. From ventilation upgrades to air purifiers and filters, some solutions tackle multiple pollutants at once—while others are more targeted. This quick-reference cheat sheet is designed to help you easily identify which options will bring the most value to your specific situation.
Solution | VOCs | PM2.5 | Biological Allergens | Particulate Allergens | CO₂ | CO |
Ventilation (Fresh Air Supply) | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
Demand-Controlled Ventilation | ✔️* | ✔️* | ✔️* | ✔️* | ✔️ | ✔️* |
Carbon Filters | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ | ✔️ | ❌ | ✔️ |
HEPA Filters | ❌ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ | ❌ |
UV-C Lights (in HVAC) | ❌ | ❌ | ✔️ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
Dehumidification | ❌ | ❌ | ✔️ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
Air Purifiers (with HEPA + Carbon) | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ | ✔️ |
Regular HVAC Filter Changes | ❌ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ | ❌ |
Biological allergens include mold spores, bacteria, and dust mites — often worsened by excess humidity.
Particulate allergens include pollen, pet dander, and household dust — best captured by HEPA filtration and regular cleaning.
* Note: Demand-controlled systems can be upgraded with sensors to monitor and respond to VOCs, PM2.5, CO, and humidity — making them highly effective when configured properly.
Addressing Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) in Your Home
Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) is a condition where the environment inside a building causes a range of health symptoms, including headaches, fatigue, eye irritation, dizziness, and respiratory discomfort. If you’ve noticed that you regularly experience these symptoms at home but feel better once you leave the house, it's a strong indication that something within your indoor environment that I’ve outlined in this article might be affecting your health.
If you suspect that SBS may be a concern in your home, it’s worth investigating further. There are specialists in indoor air quality and environmental testing who can conduct thorough assessments of your home, testing for things like VOCs, CO₂ levels, humidity, and potential mold or radon issues. These experts can provide valuable insight into what might be causing your symptoms and offer solutions for improving your home’s air quality.
And I stress again : you don’t need to wait for a full renovation to address these issues.
Simple steps such as improving ventilation, using air purifiers, and ensuring proper moisture control can make a noticeable difference without the need for major construction work. Taking action now can help create a healthier and more comfortable living environment for you and your family.
If you're looking for Melbourne based professionals who specialize in indoor air quality testing, that can assist with comprehensive assessments and recommendations here is a list of options :
Remember, you can prioritize these health and well-being concerns today—don't put them off until tomorrow.
Organizations Leading the Charge in Indoor Air Quality
There are several key organizations doing incredible work in improving global standards focused on improving indoor air quality (IAQ).
These include:
WELL Building Standard (WELL) – Focuses on air quality, ventilation, and reducing harmful airborne contaminants.
ASHRAE Standards – Provides guidelines for ventilation and acceptable indoor air quality, including ASHRAE 62.1 and ASHRAE 62.2 for residential buildings.
Australian Standards (AS 1668) – Offers guidelines for ventilation and air quality, ensuring systems effectively manage pollutants like CO2 and VOCs.
LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) – Focuses on air filtration, pollutant management, and sustainable building practices.
World Health Organization (WHO) – Provides global guidelines on indoor air quality and the health impacts of pollutants.
ISO Standards – Offers standards for air filtration and indoor air quality measurement, including ISO 16890 and ISO 16000.
NIOSH – Regulates air quality in workplaces to ensure safe levels of indoor air pollutants.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) – Sets national standards for air quality and provides guidelines for improving indoor air conditions.
These organizations offer valuable resources to help improve indoor environments and ensure healthy air quality.
Works Cited
Allen, Joseph G., et al. "Associations of Cognitive Function Scores with Carbon Dioxide, Ventilation, and Volatile Organic Compounds in Office Workers." Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 124, no. 6, 2016, pp. 759-767, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510037.
MacNaughton, Piers, et al. "Associations between Acute Exposures to PM2.5 and Carbon Dioxide Indoors and Cognitive Function in Office Workers." Environmental Research Letters, vol. 17, no. 5, 2022, pp. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac5dc6.
Reynolds, Christopher. The Invisible Killer: How Gas Stoves Are Poisoning Our Homes. HarperCollins, 2021.
Wolverton, B. C., et al. A Study of Interior Landscape Plants for Indoor Air Pollution Abatement. NASA, 1989, https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930072988.
Cummings BE, Waring MS. "Potted plants do not improve indoor air quality: a review and analysis of reported VOC removal efficiencies." J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2020 Mar;30(2):253-261. doi: 10.1038/s41370-019-0175-9. Epub 2019 Nov 6. PMID: 31695112.
Mølhave, Lars, et al. “Volatile Organic Compounds and Sick Building Syndrome: A Review of the Literature.” Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 103, no. 2, 1995, pp. 189-195. Environmental Health Perspectives, doi:10.1289/ehp.95103189.
ASHRAE Standard 62.2: ASHRAE (2019). ASHRAE Standard 62.2 - Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in Low-Rise Residential Buildings. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. Available at: https://www.ashrae.org
Australian Standard AS 1668.2: Standards Australia (2012). AS 1668.2 - The Use of Ventilation and Air Conditioning in Buildings: Part 2 - Mechanical Ventilation in Buildings. Available at: https://www.standards.org.au
World Health Organization. (2018). Air pollution and health. WHO.
American Lung Association. (2020). Particulate Matter (PM) Pollution. ALA.
Yannai Kashtan et al. 'Nitrogen dioxide exposure, health outcomes, and associated demographic disparities due to gas and propane combustion by U.S. stoves.' Sci. Adv.10,eadm8680(2024).DOI:10.1126/sciadv.adm8680
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